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简体中文The early civilizations like China, India, and Egypt produced fine items such as furniture and textiles. The latter were highly valued in ancient times because of their aesthetic beauty. They attracted many people including the royalties and were even used for religious purposes. Some of these products were so valuable that they were even buried with the dead.
DescriptionA handicraft, in some cases more precisely defined as handmade or artisan handicraft, is any of a range of human or animal products where simple and artistic objects are created entirely by one's hand or with the use of just simple, non-technical tools such as knives, chisels, or pins. Some items are mass-produced. Examples of this include furniture and household appliances. Some items are considered to be cultural icons, particularly in certain countries, where the design and manufacture of these products have long histories. Examples of this include chopsticks, handicrafts made from wood, ceramic, stone, porcelain, and metal, and glassware.
Techniques vary among different types of handicrafts. Based on their location and culture, some handicrafts are more easily attained than others. For example, it is easier to make paper products in China than in the United States and Europe. Some items, such as jewelry, are mass-produced. Handcrafted and exclusive items, such as wooden sculptures, are often difficult to find and expensive to purchase.
Types of handicrafts vary among different cultures and periods. These include textile products, leather production, pottery, basketry, embroidery, footwear, jewelries, ironwork, and toys. Chinese pottery and Chinese embroidery are famous for its intricate and detailed designs. The Japanese developed a particular expertise in the area of calligraphy. In India, skilled artisans construct clay pots, gears, doors, and other objects with the help of techniques unique to that country.
Artisans create handicrafts in many different ways. They may paint designs onto basic surfaces, such as metals and ceramics. They may draw images onto pottery or use techniques to make engraved jewelry. They may work with natural materials, such as beads and leaves, to create decorations and utensils. Or they may work with machines, creating appliances, gears, and other items. Regardless of the method used, each type of handicraft has distinctive characteristics.
Although some handicrafts, such as the aforementioned pottery and the Chinese brush, have become more fashionable recently, others are popular simply because they are durable and enduring. Many people enjoy decorating with them. Pottery, for example, can take several years to fade and cannot be wiped clean. However, when it is still in its original condition, it offers a classic look. By contrast, Chinese brush is generally soft and easily damaged. While its appearance may have faded, it offers a high level of functionality.
Handicraftsmen commonly make items that are custom-designed. This means that they custom-size the items, shape them, and put their own personal touch on them. For example, some artists make items from the signature of their favorite celebrities or historical figures. This can include autographed baseballs, footballs, or other memorabilia. Other works can be made from pieces of clothing or furniture.
